What is the difference between informed consent and assent in pediatric imaging?

• A. Informed consent is provided by a parent or guardian; assent is the child's agreement where appropriate.
• B. Informed consent is the child's agreement; assent is provided by the parent.
• C. Informed consent and assent are identical.
• D. Assent replaces consent in all pediatric imaging scenarios.

Answer: (A)

In pediatric imaging, two processes work together but serve different roles. Informed consent is the legal authorization given by a parent or guardian after they’ve been fully informed about why the study is needed, what will happen, potential risks (like radiation exposure or reactions to contrast), benefits, and alternatives. Assent is the child’s affirmative agreement to participate, sought when the child is capable of understanding at a level appropriate to their age and development. It respects the child’s growing autonomy and helps the child feel involved, which can improve cooperation during the procedure. You always obtain the parent’s consent, and you seek the child’s assent when appropriate, using age-appropriate explanations and checking for understanding. If the child can’t assent due to age or ability, the parent’s consent is still required. In emergencies, consent can be bypassed to treat, but the aim is to involve the child as much as possible.