Which procedure combines endoscopy with X-ray imaging to visualize the biliary ducts and pancreatic ducts?

• A. ERCP
• B. Endoscopy
• C. Esophagoscopy
• D. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Answer: (A)

ERCP combines an endoscope with real-time X-ray imaging to visualize the biliary and pancreatic ducts. In this procedure, a duodenoscope is passed to the duodenum, the openings of the bile and pancreatic ducts are accessed, and contrast dye is injected. Fluoroscopy then provides live X-ray images of the ductal system, revealing stones, strictures, or leaks. The endoscope allows access and therapeutic tools, while the X-ray imaging reveals the internal duct anatomy that standard endoscopy alone cannot show. Other endoscopic options visualize only the mucosal surfaces of the upper GI tract and do not provide this radiographic view of the ducts.