Which procedure involves examining the interior of the eye's fundus?

• A. Otoscopy
• B. Ophthalmoscopy
• C. Palpation
• D. Mammography

Answer: (B)

Ophthalmoscopy is the procedure used to examine the interior of the eye, specifically the fundus—the back surface of the eye that includes the retina, optic disc, macula, and retinal vessels. Using an ophthalmoscope, a clinician can illuminate and magnify the inside of the eye to observe these structures. Direct ophthalmoscopy provides a straight view through the pupil, while indirect ophthalmoscopy uses a lens to view a larger portion of the retina from a wider angle. This examination is essential for detecting issues such as retinal detachment, diabetic or hypertensive retinopathy, and optic nerve changes. The other options target different areas: otoscopy examines the ear, palpation is a touch-based assessment, and mammography is imaging of the breast.