Which procedure uses an endoscope to obtain X-ray imaging of the bile ducts and pancreas?

• A. Endoscopy
• B. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
• C. Esophagoscopy
• D. ERCP

Answer: (D)

Combining endoscopy with fluoroscopic X-ray imaging to visualize the biliary and pancreatic ducts defines this procedure. A side-viewing duodenoscope is advanced to the duodenum, the ducts are cannulated, and radiopaque contrast is injected so real-time X-ray images show any stones, strictures, or blockages. This approach also allows therapeutic actions like stone removal or stent placement. In contrast, general endoscopy or esophagogastroduodenoscopy focuses on inspecting the mucosal lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum without imaging the bile ducts or pancreas with X-ray.